Open Access Statement

TANMIYAT AL-RAFIDAIN Journal (TANRA) is an open-access journal; therefore, no download fees are required for any publication from the journal website by authors, readers, or institutions. The journal utilizes the license CC BY (a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license). This allows authors to keep the copyright of their papers. However, this license makes it possible for any user to download, print, extract, reuse, archive, and share the article on condition that due credit is given to authors and the source of work. The license ensures that the article will be accessible as broadly as possible and that the article can be part of any scientific repository.