Ibrahim Abid Mansoor, Ahmed, and Halla Zadan AL- Maadhedde. “Poverty : The Concept and Reasons Iraq Model”. TANMIYAT AL-RAFIDAIN 35, no. 114 (December 1, 2013): 98–112. Accessed September 5, 2025. https://tanmiyat.uomosul.edu.iq/index.php/tanmiyat/article/view/30431.